Group ideas

How to make sculptures 
Factual Programme on cars
Ecigs the effects
 under age Drinking

Unit 30 spiderdiagram

Unit 27 - Factual Programme Production Techniques for Television

1) What do we mean by factual programmes  

Factual television is a genre of non-fiction television programming that documents actual events and people. These types of programs are also described as documentary, observational documentary, fly on the wall, docudrama, and reality television. Although the genre has existed in some form or another since the early years of television, the term factual television has most commonly been used to describe programs produced since the 1990s.  In factual programmes may provide actual facts but not all documentaries are factual.


2) Give some examples of the different types of factual programmes on TV.  

• News 
• Documentary  
• Field reporters 
• interviewing 

3) What is a documentary?  

The documentary genre has radically evolved in recent years and so it's not a surprise that there may be some confusion about "what exactly is a documentary!".  Documentary attempts to represent the world in a realistic style. Documentaries are based on opinions and point of view.

A documentary is a broad term to describe a non-fiction movie that in some way "documents" or captures reality.

4) What are the different types of documentaries? Give examples to demonstrate your points.  

There is many types of documentaries based on different things. A famous person known for documentaries is louis theroux. He has a certain style to how he does his documentaries.

• Poetic documentaries 
• Expository documentaries 
• Observational documentaries 
• Participatory documentaries 
• Reflexive documentaries 
• Performative documentaries  

What are the conventions of a documentary?  

• Voice over 
• Based on a certain person/subject 
• Interviews 
• Opinions 
• Facts 
• Linear narrative 
• Graphics  
• Handheld 
• Narrative structure  
• Real people

What are the conventions of a news bulletin? 

• Interviews  
• real footage 
• Presenter 
• voiceover 
• More serious  
• Non diegetic sound ( intro )/diegetic sound  
• Multi camera set up 
• Narrative structure

The 3 issues that effect factual programmes 

Accuracy  
Truth, Cant lie, Factual, Situations do not naturally occur for the camera. Prior to shooting there is planning and preparation. The invasion of the camera will alter peoples reactions. editing

Bias  
Leaning towards own opinion, one sided, Unbiased to get facts.

Representation  
How its shown, To do with the topic or person or issue. These things can be missed represented.



Positive values of factual programme. 

• Keeps us updated  
• Entertainment 
• Factual   
• Gives us a insight on other peoples lives 
• Educate  
• Create empathy urge audience to help(change)  

Benefits street 

Accuracy 
Fly on the wall style - Participants are on benefits

Bias  
Selection of clips. Some participants claimed they were duped - Thinking it was a programme about community spirit ( ALL 3 )

Representation 
Scrounger label




ITV program expose Gaddafi and the IRA.

Accuracy  
People may question accuracy reliability of future programs

Bias 

Representation 
Mis representing the 1988 attack. It could have insulted families  

BBC - FROZEN PLANET. 

Accuracy  
We expect more from the BBC 


Bias 
  

Representation 
Mis representing the natural habitat of the polar bears. 
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2073024/BBCs-little-white-lie-Polar-bear-cubs-filmed-Frozen-Planet-zoo-Arctic.html  
http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2011/12/12/frozen-planet-faked-david-attenborough-polar-bear-cubs-zoo-germany-_n_1143083.html


FOX NEWS  
Fox News is prime example of a bias news company. We watched Out-Foxed and learnt about how Rupert Murdoch put a bias and propaganda spin on issues covered by American news company FOX. They revealed only partial information on stories and not the full picture. They also didn't interview guests fairly. This is breaking their contract with the viewer (what the viewer expects of the programme) as they aren't reporting the full story. Manipulation techniques are also used to show one political party to be weaker than another; to the viewer, this shows the political party as being weaker, not just the individual. In addition to this, they would only read news stories that are positive to one side of the argument rather than both to make the show more accurate. FOX also use the breaking news theme/graphics when the news isn't that important. 

http://50173581.blogspot.co.uk/2014/01/factual-and-bias-programmes.html 
  
BBC Bias and the Iranian Revolution 

BIAS - The BBC was not simply reporting events but influencing them in favour of regime change 
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00j6lfk 

Trevor mcdonald
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KMmnwfLBUXg

Sky Sports
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0kWrhkwA8Q

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_6ON0Z9m10b6sPCgBy7Gup2E2D07N9ZudoPGE- 

 DlSXo/edit?usp=sharing


The groups factual programme
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FbADy061bDA&feature=youtu.be

unit 8 vlog ( link )

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAOw8FOnrWQ&feature=youtu.be

unit 8 bbc script

Introduce the BBC as public service broadcaster and explain what it is?     CM

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a UK-based international public-service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London.

It is the world's oldest national broadcasting organisation and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees, with around 23,000 staff in total, and 16,672 in public sector broadcasting. The BBC caters for the public. They have to provide entertainment and education on their channels The BBC was founded on 18th October 1922. The founder was John Reith. 

How are they funded?  ( AM )

BBC

The BBC earned around £5 million last year. The BBC are funded by the TV licensing fee. This means that each household that owns a TV pays £145.50 a year to watch TV. This goes to the BBC. The BBC earns about £3,726.1 million from the licensing fee. The BBC also earns about £1,023 million from BBC commercial businesses. They also earned around £244.6 million through government grants.£72.1 million is then from other things like rental collections.How are they structured?  

   

Royal character      CM

The BBC is established under a Royal Charter. The current Charter came into force in 2007 and runs until the end of 2016. It explicitly recognises the BBC's editorial independence and sets out its public purposes.

 

BBC TRUST

Under the Charter, the BBC is governed by the BBC Trust, which sets the strategic direction of the BBC and has a clear duty to represent the interests of licence fee payers. The Trust sets purpose remits, issues service licences and holds the Executive Board to account for its performance in delivering BBC services.

The Trust works closely with national Audience Councils in order to understand the needs and concerns of audiences.

 

Executive

The Executive Board is responsible for the operational management of the BBC. Directors from across the BBC contribute to the leadership of the organisation as part of the Executive Team.

 Media regulator

Government responsibility for broadcasting and creative industries in the UK lies with the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS).

Ofcom is the independent regulator and competition authority for the UK communications industries, with responsibilities across television, radio, telecommunications and wireless communications services.

What debates are there about the usefulness of the licence fee? What alternatives are there? What is my opinion?   CM

Some argue that the licence fee is outdated and should be scrapped; others say that it should stay but be distributed beyond the BBC. It's right that these issues are debated and that we engage with the counter-views. With the public paying the license the BBC would be bankrupt and many people will lose their job. People argue that the license fee is too much and like to see the money spent elsewhere. My opinion the bbc shouldn’t be private so it can make money off adverts and sponsors.

What new technologies have they developed and how have they changed the way we watch TV/ BBC.     AM

You can watch the bbc online now. The BBC let you catch up on your favourite TV shows. This is a great way to catch up on the shows you have missed during the week. More and more people are resorting to this because their busy life styles. 

  

Unit 8 film script

Introduce the film company and why they are famous? CM

 Walt Disney is a world famous company. They are famous for their great films. Such as Toy story, Monsters inc and frozen. They do a wide rang of things and own so much. Walt Disney own Marvel, espn , ABC news.

What are some of their most successful box office? CM

 Walt Disney has had great hits at the cinema. Here is a list of the their most successful box office movies; The avengers (£600 million), The pirates of the Caribbean (400million), finding Nemo (300 million ) so the the figures don’t lie walt Disney have made some great movies. Walt Disney will carry on to make more films in the future.

Who is their competition? CM

 Walt Disney have to keep their game up because their competitors are 20^th century fox, warner bros, sony pictures and paramount pictures. All these companies are also some sort of conglomerate.

How are they Structured AM

 Walt Disney is both vertically and horizontally structured. Disney is vertically structured because walt disney owns it's own production company which is Walt disney studios. They also own their own Distribution company which is Buena Vista. Disney are also able to show their film in a cinema due to the fact that they own disney channel so they can display all their films on there.

Disney is also horizontally structured. It is horizontally structured because disney owns their own book company, they own ABC so they can display their own products on that channel and they also own disney music group.

How much are they worth? AM

Walt Disney last year made around $84.186 billion. Disney is a very successful company as you can tell by their income. Disney are the second richest conglomerate in America. The only company that is richer than them is Comcast. Another thing that makes the company very successful is the awards that they have won. Disney has won many awards from the films that they have produced. The highest grossing film that was produced by Disney is Marvels The Avengers. This film broke many different records for the north american box office. Some records that it broke are biggest income for an opening weekend, highest income for an opening week, highest income for a films second weekend. The film was also nominated for 13 people choice awards which it won 3 of. It was also nominated for 6 Saturn award of which it won 4. 

What debates are there about the power of the few media companies? What is my opinion? CM

In my opinion I think it’s scary because there is only 6 companies what own pretty much everything to do with media or entertainment. And the fact they hide it by owning smaller companies and naming them different names is saying they want to hide the fact that they own so much. If people knew this I think they would panic.

What new technologies has the film industry developed? AM

 A big new technology is 4D film. 4D film has developed because now if you go to specific places in the world you can watch films in 4D. 4D is more advanced than 3D because with 3D you wear glasses and it will make you feel like the film is coming out of the screen and you are really there whereas with 4d it also adds thing to it where the audience might feel things that are happening in the film e.g if it was raining in the film you might feel rain drops hitting you or if there are lots of flies you might feel like they're there.

Unit 16 editing development

 Introduction

Editing is initially putting the footage into the order you want it to be in. Even though it sounds so simple, there is so much you can do with it. There are different types of editing and many "rules" and things you should look out for when editing.

In this blog I will be looking at the principles and purposes of editing and how editing has developed over time, which will help you in your film production skills.

The Purposes of Editing 

Editing is used to piece together all of the footage into the correct order that is wanted by the editor. The correct order is generally the chronological order but this isn't necessarily the case for everything. For instance, the film Memento is shown backwards. It is made so well that in the viewers eye everything is revealed to them in the right order as when looked at in the chronological order it doesn't create the same impact as it does as being shown this way. The fact that it is shown backwards links very strongly to the storyline which works well



Techniques -

• Jump cut                -  A jump cut is a cut in film editing in which two sequential shots of the same subject are taken from camera positions that vary only slightly. This type of edit gives the effect of jumping forwards in time. It is a manipulation of temporal space using the duration of a single shot, and fracturing the duration to move the audience ahead. This kind of cut abruptly communicates the passing of time as opposed to the more seamless dissolve heavily used in films predating Jean-Luc Godard's Breathless, when jump cuts were first used extensively. For this reason, jump cuts, while not seen as inherently bad, are considered a violation of classical continuity editing, which aims to give the appearance of continuous time and space in the story-world by de-emphasizing editing. Jump cuts, in contrast, draw attention to the constructed nature of the film.  

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K2GPBBxFpEw

• Contunity               -

Continuity editing is the predominant style of film editing and video editing in the post-production process of filmmaking of narrative films and television programs. The purpose of continuity editing is to smooth over the inherent discontinuity of the editing process and to establish a logical coherence between shots.

• In most films, logical coherence is achieved by cutting to continuity, which emphasizes smooth transition of time and space. However, some films incorporate cutting to continuity into a more complex classical cutting technique, one which also tries to show psychological continuity of shots. The montage technique relies on symbolic association of ideas between shots rather than association of simple physical action for its continuity. 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z0o0eyjS55c

• Cross Cutting         - is an editing technique most often used in films to establish action occurring at the same time in two different locations. In a cross-cut, the camera will cutaway from one action to another action, which can suggest the simultaneity of these two actions but this is not always the case.  

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KmptU7vEkNU

• Matched cuts          -  Match cuts form the basis for continuity editing, such as the ubiquitous use of match on action. Continuity editing smoothes over the inherent discontinuity of shot changes to establish a logical coherence between shots. Even within continuity editing, though, the match cut is a contrast both with cross-cutting between actions in two different locations that are occurring simultaneously, and with parallel editing, which draws parallels or contrasts between two different time-space locations.
  A graphic match (as opposed to a graphic contrast or collision) occurs when the shapes, colors and/or overall movement of two shots match in composition, either within a scene or, especially, across a transition between two scenes. Indeed, rather than the seamless cuts of continuity editing within a scene, the term "graphic match" usually denotes a more conspicuous transition between (or comparison of) two shots via pictorial elements. A match cut often involves a graphic match, a smooth transition between scenes and an element of metaphorical (or at least meaningful) comparison between elements in both shots.
  A match cut contrasts with the conspicuous and abrupt discontinuity of a jump cut. 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0o7WUnnDzIc

• Cut on Action         - Cutting on action or matching on action refers to film editing and video editing techniques where the editor cuts from one shot to another view that matches the first shot's action. Although the two shots may have actually been shot hours apart from each other, cutting on action gives the impression of continuous time when watching the edited film. By having a subject begin an action in one shot and carry it through to completion in the next, the editor creates a visual bridge, which distracts the viewer from noticing the cut or noticing any slight continuity error between the two shots.
  A variant of cutting on action is a cut in which the subject exits the frame in the first shot and then enters the frame in the subsequent shot. The entrance in the second shot must match the screen direction and motive rhythm of the exit in the first shot.  

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g3XtDokAqdM 
  
180 rule

180° Rule – when the first shot within a scene happens a line is created, any more shots must be filmed on the one side, otherwise it gets confusing. Doing this properly should keep the continuity running smoothly; doing it wrong can sometimes disorientate the audience, making them wonder why the person on the right is suddenly on the left.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HinUychY3sE
1903 - First ever film. The great train robbery. Basic shots,cuts. No connection Theatre conventions.  
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zuto7qWrplc

1920 - More complex stories. shot variation 180 rule.  


1940s/60s - Hollywood studio system. Narrative development conventions invisible  


Technique of editing examples: 
Godfather
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1CDlBLvc3YE

In the clip of the god father the director has used cut on action (0.05- 0.08) the director has done this because it allows the cuts to flow into each other. There is a series of scenes happening at the same time this is called a montage they have used this because they want to get across all the scenes are happening at the same time.

Apocalypse now 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is_Jj024Kq4

During the clip there is a match cut with the sound of a helicopter and the fan. This is used because it shows hes remembering whats happened in the war.

Sherlock homes fight scene  
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BGCMfprPJoA
This is a great use of match cuts because it lets the scene flow. The audience doesnt lose focus on the fight. Each cut is used to get a different view of the fight.

Unit 8 TV and Film industry Learning outcome 1

What is the structure of Film industry?  

   
The film industry goes through many stages to get the final production. This can take a while because there is so many things a film has to  go through such as;

Film is made up of;

• Development - Idea of film, synopsis, Treatment, script, Funding.  

• Production - Filming 
• Post production - Editing, sound 
• Distribution- Selling the film to cinemas.   
• Exhibition  - Film Festivals, Netflix, on demand, sky movies

What is the structure of the TV industry? 

TV is made up of publicly funded channels,commercial channels,on demand channels. Lots of planning is in place just to create a production.

• Publicly funded - BBC - pay by viewers - liecense fee, TV channels. 
• Commercial channel - ITV - sponsorship/ advertisements 
• Pay by subscription - on demands channels  
• Netflixs 
• Amazon Prime 
• Now TV 
• Sky 
• Virgin     
• Publicly funded channels - BBC IPlayer  
• Commercial on demand channels - ITV player.  

Future of TV  
  
large parts of the british TV is getting bought by american media companies.There is some hope channel 4 and ITV stood up to the US. Channel 4 and ITV are already a commercial channel so they would lose money .TV are threatened by the process of technology such as apple and google. TV is clearly a combat verhcile for tech and mobile companies and platforms.

My opinion is that TV is slowly dying off. The increase of technology is going to be take over TV. Such as Netflix, computers and games. If the US companies take over they want to aim more for commercials. People might not like this and stop watching.


Key concept 

Media conglomerates 

Definition - is when one company owns media services and products from different types of media

Example - Walt disney company


Publicly funded 

Definition - funded through tax money i.e the public pay through taxes.

Example - BBC

Globalization  

Definition - The process of international integration of world news,products,ideas and other aspects of culture.

Example - The rise of the internet

Commercial Channels 

Definition - Funded by the revenue from the broadcast advertisements

Example - ITV

World service  
  

Definition - The international broadcaster, is currently funded by grant in aid through foriegn and commonwealth office of the british Government.

 Example  - BBC world service

Cross media 

Definition - Is the combination of two or more companies of different types usually involving a parent company.

 Example - Sky

On demand channels 

Definition - A service provided by the channel so viewers can watch programmes from that channel.

Example - 4oD

Local  

Definition - usually refers to the local area.

Example - BBC radio Manchester


Franchise  

Definition - Ownership of the characters and setting of the film,video game,book etc

Example - Harry Potter



NEW TECHNOLOGY

TV has had advanced so much in the past 15 years. For example Channels, recording,The styles,4k ultra definition, HD/3D/4d,tablets,netflix TV. Here is a couple big name TV companies;

 







          



 TV RESEARCH 

What is your favourite TV programme? 

My favourite TV show is The Walking Dead.

Which company makes it? 

AMC.

What is commercial TV?

Commercial TV,is a station which accepts advertising,which are seen on your set as commercials.The advertiser pays a fee to the TV station,which enables the station to buy programmes and pay its running costs. Also sponsors pay a lot.

What is publicly funded TV  

Publicly funded TV is based of your TV license. So the public pay for a license and that helps pay for the BBC. 

What is TV on demand? 

TV on demand is where you can watch any programme you want when ever. Most channels have on demand such as 4od or BBC IPlayer. You can do this if you have a device what has a internet connection. 

How many people are employed in Television in the uk? 

Give an example of an independent TV company  

Who regulates TV in the uk 

Ofcom.

 Television – BBC

1.    Where is the BBC located? 

f The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a UK-based public-service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London.

It is the world's oldest national broadcasting organisation and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees, with over 20,000 staff in total, of which 16,672 are in public sector broadcasting.^[

The BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. Its work is funded principally by an annual television licence fee which is charged to all British households, companies, and organisations using any type of equipment to receive or record live television broadcasts. The fee is set by the British Government,agreed by Parliament, and used to fund the BBC's extensive radio, TV, and online services covering the nations and regions of the UK. From 1 April 2014 it also funds the BBC World Service, launched in 1932, which provides comprehensive TV, radio, and online services in Arabic, and Persian, and broadcasts in 28 languages.

Around a quarter of BBC revenues come from its commercial arm BBC Worldwide Ltd. which sells BBC programmes and services internationally and also distributes the BBC's international 24-hour English language news services BBC World News and BBC.com, provided by BBC Global News Ltd.

2.    What does BBC stand for?   

   British broadcasting corporation.    

4.       Who owns the BBC   

    It's been a public body under royal charter since 1927. The British public pay for it, and if it's 'owned' by anybody, it belongs to the state. 

5.    How is the BBC funded?    

  The BBC is funded by UK citizens. We pay a license fee what pays for the BBC. The cost of the license fee is £145.50 and a black and white TV license is £49.   

6.    List what type of programmes the BBC show  

tThe BBC shows a range of TV shows. Such as education and entertainment.

7.    Is the BBC a media conglomerate? If yes explain, if no explain  

The the BBC is and isnt a media conglomerate because its funded by the public. But the  

   BBC own TV programmes,radios and films. All these are a conglomerate ownerships.

8.    Is the company multinational, national or local? and give your reasons.  

    The  BBC is multinational. The BBC goes all around the world and most countries and watch it. 

   

What is the ethos of the BBC? 

To ethos of the BBC are to inform,educate and to inform.
What is the BBC for?  

To cater for the public. With a range of programmes. Also make sure the public funding is spend correctly.
What is the future of the BBC? 

BBC is now on demand so its easier to watch their shows. To make more channels. There has been question about the bbc are going to decrease the funding from the public.  

FILM  

Whats the last film you seen? 

Erin Brockovich.
 


Which company made it? 

Universal Pictures, columbia pictures.


 Who are the big 6 film companies un the usa? 
News Corpartion
Universal
Walt disney
Time warner
Viacom
Comcoast.

90% of media in the us controlled by 6 corp.




Look at the top 10 films showing in the uk?  

 Who owns the company?  

 

 

Conglomerate research - Walt Disney 

  

Are they a conglomerate?what other companies do they own? give examples.   

http://disney.wikia.com/wiki/List_of_assets_owned_by_Disney

  

What are their famous films successful box office results?  

 

 

List 6 films what the company has done in the past 5 years.

2012-11-2	Wreck-It Ralph	Walt Disney Animation Studios
2013-11-27	Frozen	Walt Disney Animation Studios
2013-12-20	Saving Mr. Banks	Walt Disney Pictures
2014-03-21	The Muppets 2	Walt Disney Pictures
2014-05-30	Maleficent	Walt Disney Pictures
2014-07-18	Planes: Fire & Rescue	Walt Disney Animation Studios
2014-11-07	Big Hero 6	Walt Disney Animation Studios

How much money are they worth?

Revenue	US$ 48.813 billion (2014)[2]:25
Operating income	US$ 0 12.246 billion (2014)[2]:26
Net income	US$ 0 8.004 billion (2014)[2]:26
Total assets	US$ 84.186 billion (2014)[2]:66
Total equity	US$ 44.958 billion (2014)[2]:66
Number of employees	180,000 (2014):

What new technology developments have they made?

The technology development Walt Disney have made will have to be the Change in graphix for their films. The animation has changed so much in the past 20 years  

 Warner bros
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9VZ_RS4IU4IYURWMkRrdUlLRjg/view?usp=sharing 
20th century fox 1
 https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9VZ_RS4IU4IYURWMkRrdUlLRjg/view?usp=sharing
 20th century fox 2
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9VZ_RS4IU4IYURWMkRrdUlLRjg/view?usp=sharing
We need to get across that the big time companies are actually own big even bigger ones such as Walt disney and time warner.

The structure of walt disney is vertical

A vertical  structure is vertical integration ( vertically integrated ) - When the two or three stages of production are owned.
1. Production( Making it )
2. Distribution ( Marketing it )
3 Exhibition ( showing )

A conglomarate can also be structured horizontally. They can own different things like a magazine, a website and music.

WE NEED TO PROVE THIS.

Script Notes for the film section of the vlog.

Introduce the film company and why they are famous for.
What are some of their most successful box office.
Who are their competition?
How are they Structured
How much are they worth?
What debates are there about the power of the few media companies? what is my opinion?
What new technologies has the film industry developed?
What technological develpoment do you think is the next for film?