Connor Milligan

Tuesday, 3 March 2015

Unit 8 TV and Film industry Learning outcome 1

What is the structure of Film industry?

The film industry goes through many stages to get the final production. This can take a while because there is so many things a film has to go through such as;

Film is made up of;

Development - Idea of film, synopsis, Treatment, script, Funding.

Production - Filming
Post production - Editing, sound
Distribution- Selling the film to cinemas.
Exhibition - Film Festivals, Netflix, on demand, sky movies

What is the structure of the TV industry?

TV is made up of publicly funded channels,commercial channels,on demand channels. Lots of planning is in place just to create a production.

Publicly funded - BBC - pay by viewers - liecense fee, TV channels.
Commercial channel - ITV - sponsorship/ advertisements
Pay by subscription - on demands channels
Netflixs
Amazon Prime
Now TV
Sky
Virgin
Publicly funded channels - BBC IPlayer
Commercial on demand channels - ITV player.

Future of TV

large parts of the british TV is getting bought by american media companies.There is some hope channel 4 and ITV stood up to the US. Channel 4 and ITV are already a commercial channel so they would lose money .TV are threatened by the process of technology such as apple and google. TV is clearly a combat verhcile for tech and mobile companies and platforms.

My opinion is that TV is slowly dying off. The increase of technology is going to be take over TV. Such as Netflix, computers and games. If the US companies take over they want to aim more for commercials. People might not like this and stop watching.

Key concept

Media conglomerates

Definition - is when one company owns media services and products from different types of media

Example - Walt disney company

Publicly funded

Definition - funded through tax money i.e the public pay through taxes.

Example - BBC

Globalization

Definition - The process of international integration of world news,products,ideas and other aspects of culture.

Example - The rise of the internet

Commercial Channels

Definition - Funded by the revenue from the broadcast advertisements

Example - ITV

World service

Definition - The international broadcaster, is currently funded by grant in aid through foriegn and commonwealth office of the british Government.

Example - BBC world service

Cross media

Definition - Is the combination of two or more companies of different types usually involving a parent company.

Example - Sky

On demand channels

Definition - A service provided by the channel so viewers can watch programmes from that channel.

Example - 4oD

Local

Definition - usually refers to the local area.

Example - BBC radio Manchester

Franchise

Definition - Ownership of the characters and setting of the film,video game,book etc

Example - Harry Potter

NEW TECHNOLOGY

TV has had advanced so much in the past 15 years. For example Channels, recording,The styles,4k ultra definition, HD/3D/4d,tablets,netflix TV. Here is a couple big name TV companies;

Image result for samsung tv 3d

TV RESEARCH

What is your favourite TV programme?

My favourite TV show is The Walking Dead.

Which company makes it?

AMC.

What is commercial TV?

Commercial TV,is a station which accepts advertising,which are seen on your set as commercials.The advertiser pays a fee to the TV station,which enables the station to buy programmes and pay its running costs. Also sponsors pay a lot.

What is publicly funded TV

Publicly funded TV is based of your TV license. So the public pay for a license and that helps pay for the BBC.

What is TV on demand?

TV on demand is where you can watch any programme you want when ever. Most channels have on demand such as 4od or BBC IPlayer. You can do this if you have a device what has a internet connection.

How many people are employed in Television in the uk?

Give an example of an independent TV company

Who regulates TV in the uk

Ofcom.

Television – BBC

1. Where is the BBC located?

f The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a UK-based public-service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London.

It is the world's oldest national broadcasting organisation and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees, with over 20,000 staff in total, of which 16,672 are in public sector broadcasting.^[

The BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. Its work is funded principally by an annual television licence fee which is charged to all British households, companies, and organisations using any type of equipment to receive or record live television broadcasts. The fee is set by the British Government,agreed by Parliament, and used to fund the BBC's extensive radio, TV, and online services covering the nations and regions of the UK. From 1 April 2014 it also funds the BBC World Service, launched in 1932, which provides comprehensive TV, radio, and online services in Arabic, and Persian, and broadcasts in 28 languages.

Around a quarter of BBC revenues come from its commercial arm BBC Worldwide Ltd. which sells BBC programmes and services internationally and also distributes the BBC's international 24-hour English language news services BBC World News and BBC.com, provided by BBC Global News Ltd.

2. What does BBC stand for?

British broadcasting corporation.

4. Who owns the BBC

It's been a public body under royal charter since 1927. The British public pay for it, and if it's 'owned' by anybody, it belongs to the state.

5. How is the BBC funded?

The BBC is funded by UK citizens. We pay a license fee what pays for the BBC. The cost of the license fee is £145.50 and a black and white TV license is £49.

6. List what type of programmes the BBC show

tThe BBC shows a range of TV shows. Such as education and entertainment.

7. Is the BBC a media conglomerate? If yes explain, if no explain

The the BBC is and isnt a media conglomerate because its funded by the public. But the

BBC own TV programmes,radios and films. All these are a conglomerate ownerships.

8. Is the company multinational, national or local? and give your reasons.

The BBC is multinational. The BBC goes all around the world and most countries and watch it.

What is the ethos of the BBC?

To ethos of the BBC are to inform,educate and to inform.
What is the BBC for?

To cater for the public. With a range of programmes. Also make sure the public funding is spend correctly.
What is the future of the BBC?

BBC is now on demand so its easier to watch their shows. To make more channels. There has been question about the bbc are going to decrease the funding from the public.

FILM

Whats the last film you seen?

Erin Brockovich.

Which company made it?

Universal Pictures, columbia pictures.

Who are the big 6 film companies un the usa?
News Corpartion
Universal
Walt disney
Time warner
Viacom
Comcoast.

90% of media in the us controlled by 6 corp.

Look at the top 10 films showing in the uk?

Who owns the company?

Conglomerate research - Walt Disney

Are they a conglomerate?what other companies do they own? give examples.

http://disney.wikia.com/wiki/List_of_assets_owned_by_Disney

What are their famous films successful box office results?

List 6 films what the company has done in the past 5 years.

2012-11-2	Wreck-It Ralph	Walt Disney Animation Studios
2013-11-27	Frozen	Walt Disney Animation Studios
2013-12-20	Saving Mr. Banks	Walt Disney Pictures
2014-03-21	The Muppets 2	Walt Disney Pictures
2014-05-30	Maleficent	Walt Disney Pictures
2014-07-18	Planes: Fire & Rescue	Walt Disney Animation Studios
2014-11-07	Big Hero 6	Walt Disney Animation Studios

How much money are they worth?

Revenue	US$ 48.813 billion (2014)^[2]:25
Operating income	US$ 0 12.246 billion (2014)^[2]:26
Net income	US$ 0 8.004 billion (2014)^[2]:26
Total assets	US$ 84.186 billion (2014)^[2]:66
Total equity	US$ 44.958 billion (2014)^[2]:66
Number of employees	180,000 (2014)^:

What new technology developments have they made?

The technology development Walt Disney have made will have to be the Change in graphix for their films. The animation has changed so much in the past 20 years

Warner bros
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9VZ_RS4IU4IYURWMkRrdUlLRjg/view?usp=sharing
20th century fox 1
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9VZ_RS4IU4IYURWMkRrdUlLRjg/view?usp=sharing
20th century fox 2
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9VZ_RS4IU4IYURWMkRrdUlLRjg/view?usp=sharing
We need to get across that the big time companies are actually own big even bigger ones such as Walt disney and time warner.

The structure of walt disney is vertical

A vertical structure is vertical integration ( vertically integrated ) - When the two or three stages of production are owned.
1. Production( Making it )
2. Distribution ( Marketing it )
3 Exhibition ( showing )

A conglomarate can also be structured horizontally. They can own different things like a magazine, a website and music.

WE NEED TO PROVE THIS.

Script Notes for the film section of the vlog.

Introduce the film company and why they are famous for.
What are some of their most successful box office.
Who are their competition?
How are they Structured
How much are they worth?
What debates are there about the power of the few media companies? what is my opinion?
What new technologies has the film industry developed?
What technological develpoment do you think is the next for film?

Tuesday, 24 February 2015

Unit 8 assignment 2

Why are there certain things young people shouldn't watch?

Can influence young people to do certain things
Not old enough to understand whats going on.
Might not cope with certain things.
Might not understand the narrative

What is ethics?
Beliefs in what is right/ wrong. We get them from parent/ guardian, personal experience,education and the media. There is a sliding scale.

What programmes teach us good morals.

Judge judy
Scrubs
Dexter
Death Row
Telly Tubbies
Suits

With these examples we can prove these teach us good morals in different ways.

Should Tv and film be more ethical?
No TV and film shouldn't be more ethical because there is so many TV channels out there now that every genre is basically covered. People can pick and choose what they watch not like it was many years ago. If parents are worrying about what their children are watching then they can do something about it. Parents should be more in control over what their children watch. There is channels out there what do give out good examples of good ethics( listed above ). People have a choice to what they watch so if they dont like what they are watching such as SouthPark then they can easily find something what suits them.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/8675609/Television-is-not-to-blame-for-childrens-lack-of-education.html

http://variety.com/2007/digital/news/tv-not-to-blame-for-violence-study-says-1117974404/

Can TV and film be blamed for the slipping ethics of society?
Yes because teenagers are known to copy one another and dont wont to be left out on the latest things. So if a famous person on TV is doing a certain thing then they think they feel have to do it cause their mates are going to do it and is considered as cool. Teenangers are also to blame because they are copying and tricked in to liking programmes like the Geordie shore because teenagers think they live the way the people do on the programme.
http://www.radicalparenting.com/2011/09/01/why-teens-imitate-their-friends/

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-200447/TV-blame-violence.html

http://www.ofcom.org.uk/static/archive/itc/uploads/Copycat_Kids.pdf

BIG BROTHER

What behaviour raises some questions about morals ethics?
The aggression by jade is picked up straight away because we all know what they was argument wasn't the point there was more deeper reason racism. Because Jade was arguing with indian woman people thought if Jade was arguing with a white person then the argument wouldn't of been so bad.

Why would channel 4 show this?
Channel 4 showed this because they know the audience like to see people arguing cause its a sort of entertainment of a reality TV show. It also gets more viewers for the channel if people are talking about whats going on and if its made the news paper. People believe if something is in the paper then it has to be important.

Whats your reaction to this clip?
My reaction to this clip is wrong and stupid. The whole argument in the fist place is a waste of time. talking about and its a waste of time watching. Its not worth arguing and fighting over something petty. People say there was more a deeper reason why jade was so aggressive but there isn't any proof of this.

Trade unions

Unit 8 Understanding Film and Television

Trade unions, Freelance and Editorial Guidelines

Activity 1

Watch the You tube video and answer the following question
copy and paste this into your blog and answer the question (http://youtu.be/iz-2P13IK9E) go to 2:16 on the video

Why did the BBC Strike?

The bbc did a strike because of job cuts,job load and bullying.

Activity 2

Watch the you tube video and answer the question: (http://youtu.be/0vwcF6KI7GM)
Why did the American writers strike?

Activity 3

Using the website www.creativeskillet.co.uk and http://www.bbc.co.uk/editorialguidelines
and answer the following questions on a new post called Unit 8 Understanding Film and Television Industries.

Trade Unions

1. what trade unions can you join if you work in the media and film industry?

BECTU is the UK's trade union for media and entertainment. The types of media covered include broadcasting, film, independent production, theatre arts, leisure and digital media. The union is a great thing to join as it offers mainly job protection and it improves pay and conditions of service, including pensions.

2. why is it important to join a trade union, what can they do for you?

3. what examples can you find of strikes or other trade union action (look for writers guild strikes in USA), why did they strike, did it impact any productions?

freelance contracts

4. what does it mean to be a freelancer in the media?

5. what types of freelance contracts are there?

6. what types of film or media contracts (short term/fixed term/ first refusal)

editorial guidelines

7. explain what an editorial guideline is

Editorial guidelines are the BBC's values and standards. They apply to all the content we receive, no matter how or where we receive it. It is very important for producers to work under guidelines so that they make sure their productions are suitable for broadcasting and reach the requirements of their targeted TV channels.

look at the following link and summarise the guidelines for two or three of the subheadings

8. why is it important for a television producer to work under guidelines.

Pros

Flexibility
Always working on something different
Get to work with different companies
Good way to get known in the industry
Meeting new people.
Holidays

Cons

You have to work based on what the contract tells you.
Not having a stable employer.
Cash flow. You have to keep finding work.
Not always working for the same agency/company.
If you have a bad record its going to be hard to find work.
Sorting your own tax out.

Activity 4 Read the article and write the advantages and disadvantages of a freelance contract. Create a blog with your answers on. Be prepared to discuss this in class.

Activity 5

Copy and paste the You Tube video on BBFC (http://youtu.be/NjGPvOV3wv4), and answer the questions

Who are the BBFC and what do they do?

The BBFC (British Board of Film Classification) is the organisation that set the boundaries on our TV programmes and films which tell us what sort of content is included. The ratings range from U (safest) to R18 (most unsafe).

What can you/can't you show in a PG, 12A and 15?

Drug Taking
Sex
Nudity
Strong language
Violence.

Pros and cons of a freelancer

Pros

Flexibility
Always working on something different
Get to work with different companies
Good way to get known in the industry
Meeting new people.
Holidays

Cons

You have to work based on what the contract tells you.
Not having a stable employer.
Cash flow. You have to keep finding work.
Not always working for the same agency/company.
If you have a bad record its going to be hard to find work.
Sorting your own tax out.

Thursday, 5 February 2015

Unit 8 Prep work ( BBC )

What is the BBC?

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a UK-based international public-service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London.

It is the world's oldest national broadcasting organisation and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees, with around 23,000 staff in total, and 16,672 in public sector broadcasting.

When did the BBC start?

The BBC was founded on 18th October 1922. The founder was John Reith. The are of service is global.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC#The_birth_of_British_Broadcasting_1920_.E2.80.93_1922

Britain's first live public broadcast from the Marconi factory in Chelmsford took place in June 1920. It was sponsored by the Daily Mail's Lord Northcliffe and featured the famous Australian Soprano Dame Nellie Melba. The Melba broadcast caught the people's imagination and marked a turning point in the British public's attitude to radio However this public enthusiasm was not shared in official circles where such broadcasts were held to interfere with important military and civil communications. By the Autumn of 1920, pressure from these quarters and uneasiness among the staff of the licencing authority, the General Post Office (GPO), was sufficient to lead to a ban on further Chelmsford broadcasts.

But by 1922 the GPO had received nearly 100 broadcast licence requests and moved to rescind its ban in the wake of a petition by 63 wireless societies with over 3000 members. Anxious to avoid the same chaotic expansion experienced in the United States the GPO proposed that it would issue a single broadcasting licence to a company jointly owned by a consortium of leading wireless receiver manufactures, to be known as the British Broadcasting Company Ltd. John Reith, a Scottish Calvinist, was appointed its General Manager in December 1922 a few weeks after the Company made its first official broadcast. The Company was to be financed by a royalty on the sale of BBC wireless receiving sets from approved manufacturers and by a licence fee.

How is it funded?

The BBC is funded by UK citizens. We pay a license fee what pays for the BBC. The cost of the license fee is £145.50 and a black and white TV license is £49.

Pros and Cons

Pros of the licence

The greatest advantage of the TV licence is it creates a pull of funds for financing the operations of the BBC. Many official reports indicate that the fee makes the corporation considerably productive. According to Davies Committee 2000 and Ofcom Report 2001, a vast majority of owners of digital television equipment and payers of the fee hold that using the licensing model enables the corporation to deliver quality and enhances access to information.

Though people have different opinions on the subject, it is true that the BBC delivers better quality content than its commercial competitors because they do not they do not aim at profit making. Moreover, the licence enables minorities as well to get quality information since the licence is simply required when watching or recording live TV while it is being broadcasted. This means any person can watch a quality programme that was previously recorded for free.

Cons of the licence

The main con of the license is that it is uneconomical. The annual rates are high and should be reduced to cater for the poor more significantly.

Lastly, the TV licence criminalises poor people. A majority of poor people often find themselves in court corridors defending themselves for evading paying the fee. Whenever they are prosecuted successfully, they pay hefty fines. The law allows a fine of up to £1,000 making the licence a legal challenge.

http://www.groundreport.tv/what-are-the-pros-and-cons-of-the-tv-licence-in-britain/

What are commercial TV channels?
Commercial TV channels are a channel that promote certain stuff and to make profit.

How are they funded?

Commercial broadcasting overlaps with paid services such as cable television, radio and satellite television. Such services are generally partially or wholly paid for by local subscribers and is known as leased access. Other programming (particularly on cable television) is produced by companies operating in much the same manner as advertising-funded commercial broadcasters, and they (and often the local cable provider) sell commercial time in a similar manner.

The FCC's interest in program control began with the chain-broadcasting investigation of the late 1930s, culminating in the "Blue Book" of 1946, Public Service Responsibility For Broadcast Licensees. The Blue Book differentiated between mass-appeal sponsored programs and unsponsored "sustaining" programs offered by the radio networks. This sustained programming, according to the Blue Book, had five features serving the public interest:

Sustaining programs balanced the broadcast schedule, supplementing the soap operas and popular-music programs receiving the highest ratings and most commercial sponsors
They allowed for the broadcast of programs which, by their controversial or sensitive nature, were unsuitable for sponsorship
They supplied cultural programming for smaller audiences
They provided limited broadcast access for non-profit and civic organizations
They made possible artistic and dramatic experimentation, shielded from the pressures of short-run rating and commercial considerations of a sponsor.

Commercial time has increased 31 seconds per hour for all prime time television shows. For example, ABC has increased from 9 minutes and 26 seconds to 11 minutes and 26 seconds.

What is meant by media conglomerate?

A media conglomerate, media group or media insitution is a comany that owns large numbers of companies in a various mass media such as television,radio,publishing,movies and the internet. Media conglomerates strive for policies that facilitate their control of the markets across the globe

Channel 5s most viewed programme.

Channel 5 recently bought the rights for the programme Big Brother. This has been a huge success for the channel.

ITVs highest ratings.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/insidethebbc/whoweare/licencefee

Major Studios

BLUE SKY STUDIOS

Ice age

Ice age did very well at the box office. The studio went on to make more ice age films. The budge was very big for a film like ice age.

Rio had a massive budget. I think the studio was expecting a big profit back on the film.

What is a independent film?

Independent film is often thought of as an antidote to the mainstream Hollywood blockbuster. In the beginning, independent film was everything that the major films studio films were not. While Hollywood sold films that were safe, escapist and mega-expensive, independents were the opposite.

An independent film can be made on a shoestring budget. Many of the great independent directors have financed their films using very unconventional methods. Robert Rodriguez sold his body to medical trials in order to finance his first film. One director faked a car accident in order to gain finance from the insurance money for his independent film. Credit cards, loans from family and friends and savings will all go towards a director’s passion for making his own film.

In the nineties, independent film went through a major change. Major studios would not usually bother to touch indies because there was no profit to be made from them, but a small film company called Miramax was instrumental in changing the studio’s mind. The owners of Miramax, Harvey and Bob Weinstein, saw that they could buy films from independent film directors and make huge profits.

Small budget films such as Sex, Lies and Videotape, Pulp Fiction and Good Will Hunting helped change people’s attitudes toward independent film. Compared to the studio pictures, indies were made for very little money, relatively quickly and with first time directors and screenwriters. Independent films began grossing hundreds of millions of dollars worldwide, and the studios began to pay attention.

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-independent-film.htm

Independent films what have won awards

The Pride.

What are the new technological developments in the way we watch/make TV?

There is always new ways on watching TV such as Netflix,amazon prime and watch now tv. These are easy to get you need internet connection and a device to watch it on such as Xbox, Phone and computer.